Revision as of 18:56, 9 July 2024 by 45.61.122.167 (talk) (Created page with "<p> One in three cases of dementia could be prevented if more people looked after their brain health throughout life, according to an international study in the Lancet. Prof J...")(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) One in three cases of dementia could be prevented if more people looked after their brain health throughout life, according to an international study in the Lancet. Prof John Wright, a doctor and epidemiologist, is head of the Bradford Institute for Health Research, and a veteran of cholera, HIV and Ebola epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa. A World War Two veteran died after twice being attacked by another patient on a hospital ward, an inquest heard. Yet when it comes to experiments on captives and prisoners, few examples resonate as strongly as the experiments conducted by the Nazis during World War II on Jews, gypsies and other targeted individuals. The doctors conducted cruel and often lethal experiments into wartime injury treatment generally by inflicting said injury on a captive patient. Unfortunately, those schizophrenics who are also substance abusers are not only more likely to be violent, but also less likely to continue taking treatment for the disorder. There is only one way to find out, and that is by taking this quiz! It's a good idea to have one for your home, one at your workplace (hopefully your employer has this covered already) and one for your car, if you drive. The issue of human experimentation generally comes down to a basic fact: When science deals directly with humans, you have to study humans -- eventually. They also note the small size of the study group and the absence of a control group as cautions before making applications to the general population. Just note that you may have to invest in a separate stand to keep your laptop at a more comfortable eye level. It's that simple. Whether you're looking to heal ailments and injuries, build a safer automobile or design a deadlier weapon, you may need to test human thresholds for disease, stress and injury. Second, you're working with a nonhuman species, making it difficult or impossible to study certain human-specific diseases, ailments and scenarios. Instead of administering proper medical attention, the doctors allowed their conditions to worsen in order to better study the illness. You may get the yoga sessions from online sites or, better purchase a CD for it. You may not have the time to stay in touch as often as you did before the baby came, but don't wait a couple of years to reconnect. You don’t have to be old and have worn out your eardrums in order to have problems hearing. A home with old plumbing, heating or electrical systems may also be denied coverage, though these problems can generally be fixed through repairs. Also, eating the wrong mushroom to get high may result in poisoning. Because cervical spine injuries can result in the most severe form of paralysis; that is, the higher the injury, the greater the area of the body that is paralyzed. This, in turn, can result in inflammation and/or infection. Even a quick rub of our eye may be enough to transmit infection. And with the help of a bit of sunlight, the risk of infection is low. The person feels hot, and strips off their clothes despite being outside in the snow (usually there's a bit of altered thinking going on by this point). It's not exactly quick, but take a lunch break and enjoy being away from the screen for a bit. With so many ways to break a bone, it's no wonder that some bones break more often than others. Stress affects us in many ways. Functional MRIs done after each dose showed reduced blood flow in certain areas of the brain, particularly the amygdala, which is credited with processing fear, stress and emotional responses. Not only do you end up alternately sweating and shivering, but you can't even get any rest because whenever you go to sleep, you end up in some bizarre nightmare dimension featuring monsters, warped space-time and fear, fear, fear. The movie yielded a list of tie-in and licensed products, including the "Cars Original Motion Picture Soundtrack" from Walt Disney Records, featuring original music performed by superstars Sheryl Crow, James Taylor, and Brad Paisley; new recordings of road classics by multi-platinum artists Rascal Flatts and John Mayer; and contributions from Academy Award- and Grammy-winning composer Randy Newman. They infected inmates and performed vivisections on them, all in an attempt to craft even deadlier weapons out of disease. Nowadays, the horror genre is populated by overly capable behemoths, flying solo with a full arsenal of deadly weapons at their disposal. Similarly, Japan's infamous Unit 731 reportedly killed more than 10,000 Chinese, Korean and Russian prisoners of war to research and develop biological weapons. In the past century alone, chimps, rabbits and other animals have aided in everything from polio research and space exploration to cosmetics and bioweapons testing. Herophilus couldn't have performed his own vivisection, much less 600 separate procedures on himself. They also performed burial services. Pet airline travel can work pretty well, and more and more airlines are realizing how important it is to offer services for doting owners. Having a home care web portal for elderly patients has numerous benefits - they offer instant access to health data, enable caregivers to consult their providers and allow family members to schedule appointments and pay bills online. You can also check with trade, professional and other associations to see if they offer group health coverage. If tiny asbestos particles float in the air, especially during the manufacturing process, they may be inhaled or swallowed, and can cause serious health problems. They also may become paranoid, aggressive, depressed and unable to sleep. Now, some of those symptoms are more serious than others, but at the same time, a lot of them are issues most people would associate with regular aging, a chronic lack of sleep or some other routine problem. People who are taking vasodilator drugs are usually encouraged by their doctors to make healthy lifestyle changes, like eating a heart-healthy diet, getting regular exercise and practicing stress-management techniques. This would be consistent with the "bystander effect," where the more witnesses there are in an emergency situation, the less likely any of them will help, either because the responsibility seems more diffuse, or because the bystanders are taking social cues from all the other people who aren't helping. Despite the national push for Americans to practice social distancing to curb spread of the coronavirus, many workers do not have the option to take paid sick leave or work remotely, and must continue to travel to work. They work to get politicians interested in their cause and try to convince them to vote a certain way, and they need volunteers to help spread the word. Intubation is another way that EMTs help patients start breathing again, but this requires equipment and training that average folks don't have. As in ancient Alexandria, scientists and doctors have often turned to the disenfranchised when the need for test subjects arises. Further studies including younger adults are needed to test the impact of such approaches, they added. The expert added that as well as there being no interaction between non-ionizing radiation, it couldn't happen at the low powers that cellular networks use anyway. The tests appear to show that people undergo a temporary disintegration of brain networks during a "trip," but re-integration follows soon after. Throw in better connectivity, with the roll-out of fast 4G mobile networks and better programming - thanks to HTML5, a clever code designed for web content - and we are heading to what some call the Internet of Everything. Skype messaging, as well as video and audio calling, was created for both one-on-one and group conversations, and you can use it on your mobile phone; PCs and Macs; Xboxes and Alexa. Alexa is built into the remote, so you can ask the assistant to help you find what to watch and the remote can also control your TV's power and volume. Set to initially cost $1,000 when it becomes available later this year, it's essentially an Alexa display that can roam around your home. The journalist and commentator David Aaronovitch has written vividly about it after a spell in an intensive care unit after complications set in for him after a routine operation. In this stage, researchers try to pinpoint dangerous side effects and potential complications. The researchers warn that people should not attempt to "self-medicate," as the experimental treatment was conducted in tandem with therapy. Carpooling means aligning your schedule with other people and scheduling any errands or side trips after you get back home. Unlike an RV, a tiny home looks (and feels) much more like a traditional home. Experiencing "shortness of breath" can mean several things in terms of how it feels -- it could mean you find yourself struggling to breathe. Look for a pair of walking shoes with good cushioning and heel support, and don't be afraid try on different shoes until you find a pair that feels right. Find out how to get into cycling with the Get Inspired guide - and help recognise volunteers in your area by nominating them for the Unsung Hero award. Teaching them to get used to daily routine would help. Reducing eggs, margarine, or butter from your daily dieting. Every year thousands of people are affected by a disorder that makes it difficult for them to live their daily lives effectively. DASH says that people should preferably consume merely many fruits, veggies, grains, fish and also low-fat milk foods, also very very few red meats, sweets as well as some other meals that are rich with fats. That block of cream cheese, along with lots of other foods, has likely been made with vegetable oil that's been altered. It was like pondering a gold coin fetched from a vat of boiling oil. The oil in the ocean will dissipate and be diluted within the massive volume of water. If you have joint pain, engage in exercises that will not put excessive stress on your joints. These arthritis rubs may provide temporary relief by heating up the joints. Dinesh was himself keen for Marium to become part of the recovery trial, meaning that she would be randomly allocated either a placebo or one of four drugs that it's thought may be helpful for people suffering from Covid-19. Anywhere that people are closely packed, talking, singing, hugging, touching, these will all be right for outbreaks. Smaller atoms, where the electron orbitals are separated by relatively low jumps in energy, are less likely to absorb X-ray photons. A small window in the shield lets some of the X-ray photons escape in a narrow beam. The calcium atoms that make up your bones are much larger, so they are better at absorbing X-ray photons. Depression treatment is better now than ever before, thanks to a variety of prescription drug options and improved therapy techniques. A healthy diet before, during and after pregnancy can have benefits for both mother and child and, as seen here, the whole diet should be taken into consideration, rather than solely focusing on individual nutrients. While afflicted individuals might line up for the possible benefits of Phase III testing, Phase I testing tends to require healthy specimens. Conversely, you want to remove elimination scents as much as possible from the places that you don't want your dog to go. Earlier data is not available for all measures, so comparisons between years are not always possible. Highest risk for developing iron deficiency anemia are children younger than three years of age and premenopausal women. In an age when blood vessels were still thought to carry air, they needed to open living bodies to their scientific scrutiny. It's much easier and safer to look at a broken bone using X-rays than it is to open a patient up. Because Latinos were not strongly represented in the data, the researchers focused on white and black Americans, and found that while only 4.2 percent of white people got any sort of help during an intense moment of sickness or injury, African-Americans fared much worse, with only 1.8 percent receiving assistance from bystanders. Today, researchers and students can more easily obtain access to legal medical cadavers. Today, thanks to new technology, someone who's never worked in the medical field can restart a a person's heart with a defibrillator. A field tracheotomy means making a hole in someone's throat and inserting an improvised breathing tube, like a straw or the ink tube of a pen, beneath an obstruction and into the airway. While there's little a first-aid provider in the field can do to affect the function of the lungs, the upper parts are far more accessible. With that subsidy, insurance companies may provide extra perks to beneficiaries like a gym membership or slightly cheaper prescription drugs, but it doesn't provide any "essential benefits" that affect the overall health of the individual. Experts caution that no one knows what these new cells actually do in the human brain, or whether they really become part of functional circuits that affect behavior and thought. The ideal assisted living facility is one that attends to seniors' well-being as a whole. One of the foremost variances between an ordinary swimming pool and a hydrotherapy pool is the temperature - a hydrotherapy pool is a whole lot warmer. No one is arguing that we throw out everything we know about human anatomy in penance for Herophilus' vivisections. The first defense if the shooter gets through the door is to throw stuff directly at his face. Americans break through the German line at Saint-Lô, France: In mid-June 1944, the Germans' defense stiffened in the hedgerows of Normandy. Pharmaceutical companies used to rely more on university research facilities or teaching hospitals -- which, in turn, gave them access to students who might appreciate a spring break full of experimental psychotropic drugs and repeat viewings of "The Wall." The downside to this, however, was that it introduced academic bureaucracy into an already highly regulated process. Among other things, the charge can break DNA chains. An ion's electrical charge can lead to unnatural chemical reactions inside cells. But you should check it periodically to make sure that the medications haven't expired, that the bandages are still intact inside their sealed overwrap, and so on. X-rays are a wonderful addition to the world of medicine; they let doctors peer inside a patient without any surgery at all. The rest of October 1943 was an eventful period in World War II history. History has shown us where this line of thinking can lead when we see other humans as the lesser creatures in question. After all, we experiment on animals by telling ourselves that the greater good outweighs the desires of a few lesser creatures. After all, Phase I tests exist to help identify harmful side effects. They froze victims to research hypothermia, placed them in compression chambers to test the effects of high-altitude flight. Published in the journal Scientific Reports, the small study looked at the effects of psilocybin on 19 patients for whom conventional depression therapies failed. But in some cases, these proven therapies fall short. Bearing that in mind, what, if any, alternative funding is available for patients who can't afford the potentially astronomical cost of Right to Try therapies? Eventually, doctors and patients started developing radiation sickness, and the medical community knew something was wrong. The charity's founder, Farhan Ahmed, started the charity for personal reasons. A charity called the Pakistan Children's Heart Foundation is trying to help children from poor families by funding surgeries through donations. Then we found out about this charity in Lahore. When the researchers compared the diets of these two groups they found a healthier maternal diet was associated with a lower chance of congenital heart defects. The researchers describe the results as "rapid and sustained." In fact, within weeks, the patients reported fewer depression symptoms, with several of them describing a "brain reset." This reportedly lasts for up to five weeks post-treatment. Due to political and material complications, results were mixed. The poll, which looked at 1,254 adults 18 and up, did not report results for the up-and-coming Gen Z (who report high levels of loneliness on other surveys), or for the oldest adults in the country. They've teamed up with a number of private and public heart centres across the country to provide funds, space and adequate medical care for the children. Thompson. "Medical Biology: On Disease in Marathon Runners." ScienceWeek. Antacids are usually the first drugs suitable for acid reflux disease treatment. She says it was talking about her experiences that helped her get the treatment she needs. The family's findings helped fill the legendary Library of Alexandria and, for a time, the city served as a redoubt against an ignorance-shadowed world. The most important contributions of X-ray technology have been in the world of medicine, but X-rays have played a crucial role in a number of other areas as well. X-ray machines are an invaluable tool in medicine, as well as an asset in security and scientific research. There's an explosion of experimental research about the number of viral particles needed and how these are spread by air and from surfaces. To improve safety and security for air travel passengers, the FAA, the Joint Planning and Development Office, and other agencies are currently upgrading the air traffic management system with satellite technology and advanced networking to improve air management control. As frustration grew, some of those affected turned to Mark Zaid, a lawyer who specialises in national security cases. Hence our national guidance to encourage outdoor activities. S. Food and Drug Administration began requiring stricter testing of new drugs in the 1930s. In 1966, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) established the NIH Policy for Protection of Research Subjects. The research suggests that lower rates of bystander support in high-poverty areas may be due to the lack of organizations and institutions like churches or senior centers, and social spaces like parks, all of which have the potential of leading people to interact and develop a sense of community. The latter reviews informed consent to assure it adequately informs the patient of what they're getting into: What are the potential benefits, what are the potential dangers, as there may be serious toxicities associated with investigational agents, especially. It’s not always useful, since sometimes you’re just getting some dirt off and don’t need to be sudsing for 20 seconds, but it’s not too intrusive and is helpful when you’ve been out and about. There’s one last rule that needs to be mentioned, and it’s an important one: Don’t put personal identification information in your profile. But there's one topic that could, literally, save a life someday. But there are a lot of obstacles that might keep someone from meeting the love of his or her life in today’s world. In fact, according to IBM, 90 percent of the data in the world today was created in the last two years alone. It does have extremely wide AF coverage, with 493 points that cover 90 percent of the frame. The children who grew up to be the slowest walkers (with a mean gait of 1.2m/s) had, on average, an IQ 12 points lower than those who were the fastest walkers (1.75m/s) 40 years later. This device protects lower extremities such as the hips and lower back. A "splint" is a medical device created specifically for this purpose. While the companies themselves are frequently criticized for their commercialism, it does take a considerable financial investment to see a medical discovery all the way to the point where it can help patients -- even with limited or no human testing. Fortune. "100 Best Companies to Work For 2010: Starbucks Coffee." 2010. (Sept. Jan. 30, 2007. (Sept. More bodies were recovered on Friday, bringing the total found to 30, said officials in Pangkalan Bun, the closest town to the presumed crash site. On May 30, 2018, President Donald J. Trump signed S.204: the "Trickett Wendler, Frank Mongiello, Jordan McLinn, and Matthew Bellina Right to Try Act of 2017" (whew) into law. The governor's answer for why that may be lines up with what the White House has said: more testing and more young people with infections. It possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-purulent properties, therefore, it helps in treating cough, cold and other respiratory infections. If a person is among those who are very young, very old, or is immunocompromised, untreated E. Coli bacterial infections can bring about kidney failure, and even death. You might not think of bleeding as a circulatory issue, but when a person loses a lot of blood, there just isn't enough to go around in the rest of the circulatory system, blood pressure drops and vital organs probably aren't getting the oxygen they need. If you consumed any green salad using fresh new tomatoes, you not really only a excellent measure of this particular effective anti-oxidant, however furthermore procured considerable guidelines in order to greatly reduce your blood pressure. This measure established review boards to monitor human experimentation. University institutional review boards placed more emphasis on curtailing overzealous academics, in addition to testing ethics. While some owners like to be greeted by their dog so enthusiastically, your dog might give the same salutation to other, more inappropriate guests. Your dog should know it can only go in the water when you say so. The result: Millions of us are feeling really tired and like we don’t know what to do with our hands. The $100 million albatross on Houston's back made him virtually untradeable, draining millions from the Knicks' coffers and drawing vocal complaints of mismanagement from the team's diehard fans, who had watched the fabled franchise nosedive since the 2000 departure of Patrick Ewing. A cough or sneeze, by contrast, can release hundreds of millions of droplets and these go everywhere. In the first 48 hours after an injury, ice is the better alternative, and ice can also be used with stretching. What says autumn better than apple parsnip spice cake? The new Quick Start setup process will let parents more easily set up a new Apple device for their child with all the necessary parental controls and restrictions in place. Let cool to room temperature and use it as a wash. Typical wash hair and keep it off your face, particularly when you fall asleep. It's so important to keep washing our hands and avoid touching our faces. The mystery lies in the movement of the clock's hands. This processor, made of a flexible thin-film transistor, is a custom-fitted piece that lies precisely along the cartilage in the back of the ear. You can see this wasn't a well-thought-out piece of legislation. In the next section, we'll see how X-ray machines put this effect to work. Ankles are common places for sprains, and can be confused with the milder "twisted ankle." The rule of thumb is if you can walk on it, it's just a twisted ankle; if you can't put weight on it, it's a sprain. What do most experts consider the first rule of first aid? Elderly fall detection 9.0AI Score AI Score is a ranking system developed by our team of experts. About 10,000 young people move out of the care system in the UK every year. Coronavirus doctor's diary: Why does Covid-19 make some healthy young people really sick? Important Note - In the case of decreased kidney functions, do not take painkillers without doctor's prescription. Mostly the family stayed at home, only going out for shopping, but Kaiser's mother needs kidney dialysis, so three times a week he would drive her to Bradford Royal Infirmary. Kaiser says no-one else at the funeral got ill, so it's impossible to say with confidence that that is where the family picked up the virus. And there was one other occasion when they all left the house - for a funeral. U.S. drug patents only last 20 years; if a new medication is tied up in testing for a decade, then it will only have 10 moneymaking years left in it. Sally, the sultry Porsche who left a big-city law firm for small-town life, persuades the court to sentence McQueen to community service to repair the road he wrecked. More importantly, it's a reference to the Pauli Exclusion Principle, a law of quantum physics first described by physicist Wolfgang Pauli (who was Austrian, not German) in 1925. The principle explains that particles with a certain kind of spin (an intrinsic property of quantum particles) can never occupy the same quantum state. In this blockbuster from Wolfgang Petersen, Harrison Ford stars as the President of the United States, who fights back against Russian terrorists who have hijacked "Air Force One." Watch out, baddies! Because the nose and mouth collaborate in the breathing process, it's necessary to pinch the nostrils shut to keep the air you're supplying from simply flowing out through the nose. Analysis of data from England and Wales shows air pollution is particularly harmful in the elderly. Gwyn Jones from North Wales Fire and Rescue Service said they were alerted that the smoke alarm had been activated. The men, members of a travelling family based in West Yorkshire, toured North Yorkshire identifying elderly people living alone, the court was told. The £500,000 announced on Sunday doubles the funding already given to Care and Repair Scotland to help older and disabled people to install alarms. One method to strength your torso and help support your back is exercise. The typical deposit equals one or two months' rent. Twelve months ago, Paul Henderson was among the first of a sudden wave of coronavirus patients that filled Scotland's hospitals in a matter of weeks. NHS Forth Valley is also treating a confirmed case in one of its hospitals. The paediatric cardiology ward in one Lahore's biggest public hospitals is so crowded that some women have crouched on the floor with their small sick children on their laps. The best thing to do before committing to any building addition or modification is to have an expert come to your residence to help you understand the choices available. The sprawling building has been empty for decades, and it's widely considered to be one of the most haunted buildings in the United States. Perhaps you own a first-aid kit, or more than one. Asynchronous training -- This is e-learning in the more traditional sense of the word. The "cardio" and "pulmonary" parts of this portmanteau word refer to the heart and the lungs, respectively. Once more, the master parts flesh, enters the bloody maze of arteries and muscle. Plus, they’re still quite small, and tuck in securely without the need of additional parts. Though the 1964 murder of New York woman Kitty Genovese popularized awareness of the bystander effect, the initial facts surrounding the incident have been discredited; the myth surrounding the case remains widely believed, and the bystander effect is still an observable phenomenon. Hoarding is a recent phenomenon. One in five people over 65 who drink is consuming an "unsafe" level of alcohol, say researchers. With certain people I do. The system doesn't push young people to aim higher and pursue their passions. Body snatching became a growth industry in 19th century, as medical schools required fresh bodies for young surgeons to practice on. For a period of approximately 50 years, even the tabooed practice of human vivisection became common practice. Asked in an email what he thinks the new federal Right to Try law will mean to his practice and to his patients, R. Donald Harvey, director, Phase 1 Clinical Trials Section, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, says, "Candidly, very little. We already have a robust system in place for expanded access and single patient IND processes that partner with industry and the FDA. Our patients have been, and will continue to be, well served by this approach. He stresses that patients will still need a clinician/physician champion as well as industry (IND holder) approval: "If they don't allow us to access the drug(s), it's the end of the story, regardless of the path of right to try or expanded access. The Right to Try (RtT) legislation gives terminally ill patients who've exhausted all approved treatment options and aren't able to participate in a clinical trial, the right to work directly with drug companies for access to investigational new drugs (IND) that haven't secured approval by the U.S. The Right to Try legislation exempts manufacturers from a lot of FDA regulations, but not from charging for investigational drugs under an IND. By stretching these muscles daily, you will find that your back can perform a lot more work without as much discomfort. The brain operates in much the same way. A motor rotates the anode to keep it from melting (the electron beam isn't always focused on the same area). Throughout the 20th century, medical laws raced to keep pace with human experimentation -- often falling troublingly behind. Explore the links on the next page to learn even more about scientific experimentation. That’s why we started this page with some of the best medical alert systems that you’ll want to know about. Password protection means only those people who know the proper password can see a page. A detailed first-aid guide will have guidelines for moving the patient under those conditions: often it involves two people and the "logrolling" technique. So how might they have become infected? Not every sorority has a classic mansion, despite what you might see in the movies. Anecdotes about prayer healing rarely mention follow-ups to see if the patient had truly and permanently recovered. Not to mention the freedom to tackle the game any which way you want to, giving you the choice to build your own solution rather than being forced to comply with Nintendo’s. The press release should explain the news or announcement without giving away the entire story. It's not something you'll be staring at for hours on end; instead, you're more likely to be giving it quick glances throughout the day. The Doctor On Demand app states that all physicians and psychiatrists on the telemedicine platform are available 24 hours a day and seven days a week, including holidays. Level 1: Walk 20 minutes a day 3 to 5 times a week. Within the first minutes of his meeting with Enzo, the engineer and Ferrari, the budding car constructor, got to the heart of the matter. We live in amazing times -- a "civilian" can restart a heart using a machine! The machine passes current through the filament, heating it up. The cathode is a heated filament, like you might find in an older fluorescent lamp. If a landlord knows that some of his tenants are dealing drugs from their apartments, for example, and doesn't report them to the police, the landlord might be held accountable for any neighborhood crimes that can be linked to the drug-dealing operation. An important part of emergency medicine is dealing with the airway. We wouldn't assume someone has a medical issue if they are awake and aware during an emergency and their heart rate is at, say, 115. In fact, an abnormally low pulse would probably be a worse sign. This position is only for a patient who shows no sign of spinal injury and is out of immediate danger (i.e., where the "ABCs" are concerned). And if you've seen someone have a serious food allergy reaction, you wouldn't doubt the potential danger. Many people have a hard time sleeping for many different reasons. Poorer neighborhoods also tend to have higher turnover rates, which means people are less likely to get to know their neighbors. Contract research organizations have also come under fire for their oversight and staffing. Dr. Robin Carhart-Harris, head of psychedelic research at Imperial and leader of the study, in a press release. In the study, published in Archives of Diseases in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal Edition, half of the women had babies with heart problems while the other half did not. Phase II trials deal with dosing and efficiency, while Phase III trials enlist the help of actual patients to compare the experimental treatment to conventional ones, placebos or both. Many medications can trigger digestive discomfort, especially during the early days of treatment. In the early days of X-ray science, a lot of doctors would expose patients and themselves to the beams for long periods of time. If a lot of cells die, the body can develop various diseases. Meanwhile, headlines continue to document the role of human embryonic stem cells in experimentation. For instance, 1964's Helsinki Declaration by the World Medical Association allowed for experimentation on incapacitated and incompetent individuals so long as legal guardians gave written consent.