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How to Choose a Garden Plant

Garden plants provide structure, color and variety to outdoor spaces. Perennials, trees and shrubs bring a sense of year-round excitement to your garden.

Many garden plants that are popular require sun to thrive. When deciding on what plants to plant, consider the space available as well as the soil type and other aspects of the garden. Also, read about the best methods to start seeds and then to plant them.

Shrubs

There's a plant for every garden, offering all year-round structure and a wide assortment of colors, leaves and fruits. They are the perfect backdrop for flowers, and can also serve as a low ground cover or can be used to make hedges. Many are easy to care for and provide a natural habitat for wildlife.

Shrubs are woody perennials with multiple stems that don't die to the ground in winter (as the majority of herbaceous plants do). They can be erect like lilacs or forsythia, or they can rest flat on the ground, like the evergreen camellia. The height of a shrub is usually less than 13 feet. However, some experts suggest an upper limit of 10 feet. The ones that are taller are referred to as trees.

In general, they grow slower than trees and are more rounded. They can be cut with annual pruning or allowed to develop naturally. They are ideal for small spaces in areas with limited space.

Many shrubs produce stunning flowers, including camellias that can provide an elegant look to your winter garden with their showy blooms in shades of pink, white or red. Forsythia, azalea, and flowering shadbush may add color to the garden in the spring, while the rhododendrons provide a range of scents and colors throughout the summer.

Low-maintenance plants include holly juniper, as well as Japanese boxwood, which can be used as a hedge, or to add a touch of color to the landscape. Inkberry trees, in particular, offer a beautiful deep green foliage. They also are a popular choice for bees that pollinate the flowers and make a sweet type of honey, known as gallberry honey.

Low-maintenance shrubs are also cultivated for their scent like lavender and chamomile. The latter is a well-known herb that contains properties that relax and can be used as an herbal remedy to reduce anxiety and stress, as well as reduce headaches, and aid in digestion. Mint is a different low-maintenance plant that is popular for its refreshing taste and medicinal qualities. Its antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties are able to treat stomach upset. The leaves are made into tea to ease minor abrasions and cuts and help ease the symptoms of indigestion.

Trees

Trees have been adored for centuries and have played a vital role in many cultures. They can last for hundreds of years and have a huge impact on the environment. They enhance the appearance of gardens and homes by providing shade and shelter as well as food for wildlife. When selecting a tree, select one that's in proportion with your house and your site. Avoid trees that have messy seed pods or fruit, or that shed twigs frequently.

As with all plants, trees produce their own food by a process known as photosynthesis. They absorb carbon dioxide from the air and water through their leaves, and combine the two to form chlorophyll sugars and oxygen. This occurs in special cells within the leaf called stomates. The plant then transports these chemicals through a system of tubes called xylem or Phloem to the rest of its plant.

The crown is the uppermost part of the plant. It is comprised of leaves and branches, and it shields the roots from sunlight. The crown also collects sunlight's energy (photosynthesis) and removes excess water to keep itself cool by evaporating it through its leaves (transpiration).





Due to their size, trees have deep roots that ensure they remain stable in snow and wind. They also aid in preventing erosion by holding soil in place. Trees are the foundation of our natural environment aiding in regulating climate by absorbing and exchanging carbon dioxide, filtration of water and eliminating smells. They can also absorb pollutants and reduce the amount of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur oxygen, carbon dioxide and other harmful gases.

Many species of trees have distinct shapes. They could have broad, round crowns that create dense shade or narrow oval-shaped crowns that are more airy and open. raised garden beds have a broad round crown, whereas others have an egg-shaped shape. Examples include horse chestnuts, oaks, and maples. Certain species have an open-headed, slender look with a canopy that resembles an umbrella, like hackberries, elms, and zelkovas.

Trees are divided into three groups of botanicals namely ferns (including tree ferns), gymnosperms such as conifers and cycads, and angiosperms, which include flowering plants. Other categories of woody plants share many of the same characteristics as ferns. These include their tuberous roots as well as cambium.

Vines

Vines can make your garden look more attractive by adding interest to shady spots and hiding unsightly fencing. They soften walls or structure, and create a beautiful frame around entrances or windows. They add color and a sense of beauty to the edge or steep bank of a steep slope. They also camouflage a utility space and prevent too-brisk breezes from seating areas.

There are more than 30 varieties of vines, however the majority are classified into four categories based on the way they grow. Twiners, which work by wrapping themselves around a support, include clematis, honeysuckle, and wisteria. Twiners also divide into two groups: those that twine clockwise, and those who twine counterclockwise. The ones that make use of tendrils, which are modified leaves to attach themselves to structures include creeping fig, Virginia creeper and philodendron.

The same guidelines apply when planting woody ornamentals as well. Before selecting a vine examine the site of growth including the light exposure and soil conditions. Vine growth requires regular pruning after it is established to maintain the desired appearance.

Aim to trim at the same time as you fertilize. This will stop the accumulation of nutrient salts and encourage vigorous growth.

The amount of pruning you need depends on the species and environment as well as your level of energy. If you don't want to spend all your weekends patrolling your trellises with herbicide or loppers, choose a moderately-growing vine such as Dutchman's pipe or crossvine. Consider a fast-growing and robust vine like American bittersweet, which produces bright red berries that hold their color well into the winter landscape.

Use tie clips to train perennials such as sweet pea and clematis vines. They will remain in your garden for a number of years. Rubber ties are ideal since they don't cut the stems when they expand. Use annual vines such as runners beans, hyacinth bean or morning glory to the structure with string or yarn. You can also use wire or string to secure the vines to a teepee, if needed. Be careful not to strain them too much.

Containers

Containers are a great way to bring color to your home landscape, without occupying valuable yard or patio space. Containers can be used to cultivate many plants, including plants, flowers, and shrubs. It is important to comprehend the requirements of the plant and the kind of container required. A container can be anything that holds soil and is sufficient in size to support the plant's roots and provide adequate drainage. It could be terracotta containers or wooden half-barrels. It could also be window containers, buckets, or baskets, old cooking pots, or even old gardening equipment.

Container plants require more frequent irrigation than those that are planted in the ground. This is due to the small root system and the drying effect of direct sunlight during summer afternoons. The containers must have adequate drainage to prevent standing water, which could cause rot and disease.

Addition of organic materials, such as coco coir peat, or compost to the bottom of the container will help keep moisture in the soil. The OM can also be an energy source. The plants will thrive if you water the container frequently to keep the soil moist.

The soil mixture used in the container should be draining, particularly in hot weather. To improve drainage and maintain soil texture, it is recommended to mix organic matter such as shredded leaves, rotted manure or sand with coarse granular material like sand.

A trellis can be useful to support vines in containers. This will help keep them from becoming too heavy and falling over. It is crucial to protect containers from rain and wind since they can easily be blown or rained upon and can become muddy very quickly.

Since the soil in containers do not contain many nutrients, it should be fertilized regularly. The best time to do this is during the initial stage of soil mixing. In this stage, you can add 1 cup of organic general-purpose fertilizer like 5-3-4 or liquid fish emulsion.